Journal:

Article Title: Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis

doi: 10.1073/pnas.232568599

Figure Lengend Snippet: Yeast strains used and their interaction with C. elegans

Article Snippet: Environmental isolates of C. neoformans (ATCC#14116, ATCC#34870, ATCC#32308, ATCC#32045, and ATCC#62068) were also pathogenic to C. elegans (data not shown).

Techniques: Sequencing, Mutagenesis, Animal Model, Clone Assay

Journal:

Article Title: Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis

doi: 10.1073/pnas.232568599

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Life span of wild-type C. elegans N2 on NGM plates containing 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) feeding on lawns of C. kuetzingii ATCC#42276, C. laurentii ATCC#18803, and E. coli OP50. P < 0.0001 for E. coli OP50 or C. laurentii compared with C. kuetzingii. Similar results were obtained with C. laurentii strains ATCC#66036 and ATCC#76483. (B) Survival of C. elegans N2 feeding on lawns of C. neoformans serotype A (ATCC#62067, ATCC#62068), serotype B/C (ATCC#34877), or serotype D (ATCC#36556), or on a lawn of C. laurentii ATCC#18803. P < 0.001 for each of the C. neoformans strains compared with C. laurentii.

Article Snippet: Environmental isolates of C. neoformans (ATCC#14116, ATCC#34870, ATCC#32308, ATCC#32045, and ATCC#62068) were also pathogenic to C. elegans (data not shown).

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis

doi: 10.1073/pnas.232568599

Figure Lengend Snippet: C. neoformans but not C. laurentii accumulates in the gastrointestinal tract of C. elegans. (A) Intact yeast cells present in the distended gastrointestinal tract after feeding 24 h on C. neoformans strain H99. (B) No C. laurentii cells can be detected in the gastrointestinal tract after 24 h of feeding. The round structure (white arrows) is the pharyngeal grinder organ, which functions to disrupt ingested organisms. Black and gray arrows point to the intestinal lumen.

Article Snippet: Environmental isolates of C. neoformans (ATCC#14116, ATCC#34870, ATCC#32308, ATCC#32045, and ATCC#62068) were also pathogenic to C. elegans (data not shown).

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis

doi: 10.1073/pnas.232568599

Figure Lengend Snippet: C. neoformans virulence factors for mammalian infection also enhance killing of C. elegans. Survival of C. elegans N2 animals feeding on C. neoformans mutants with disruptions in the genes encoding the G protein-cAMP-PKA and the RAS1-controlled signal transduction cascades demonstrated hypovirulence (gpa1, ras1, and pka1) or hypervirulence (pkr1), similar to results in mammalian models. P < 0.001 for each of the mutants compared with the parental strain H99 (see Table ​Table11).

Article Snippet: Environmental isolates of C. neoformans (ATCC#14116, ATCC#34870, ATCC#32308, ATCC#32045, and ATCC#62068) were also pathogenic to C. elegans (data not shown).

Techniques: Infection, Transduction

Journal:

Article Title: Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Cryptococcus neoformans as a model of yeast pathogenesis

doi: 10.1073/pnas.232568599

Figure Lengend Snippet: The C. neoformans MFα1 promoter is specifically expressed in the C. elegans intestine (magnification ×40). Fluorescent microscopy of wild-type C. elegans N2 after feeding for 3 days on C. neoformans H99 expressing GFP fused to the MFα1 promoter. Green fluorescence is seen in yeast cells inside the proximal (A) and the distal (B) end of the C. elegans intestine. There was no fluorescence associated with yeast cells outside the nematodes and no fluorescence was observed on day 1 or 2 of this experiment.

Article Snippet: Environmental isolates of C. neoformans (ATCC#14116, ATCC#34870, ATCC#32308, ATCC#32045, and ATCC#62068) were also pathogenic to C. elegans (data not shown).

Techniques: Microscopy, Expressing, Fluorescence